编者按：“2016 CSH-AASLD及CSH-EASL肝病联合学术会议”于6月16～18日在北京召开。锻炼和提高中国青年一代肝病工作者的学术交流与科研设计能力是此次会议召开的一个重要目标，为此在6月17日召开的“CSH-AASLD肝病联合会议”期间，大会组委特别安排了中国青年学者口头报告与专家点评，另邀请AASLD专家进行了关于“研究设计和论文发表”的专题报告。《国际肝病》有幸邀请到专题报告专家之一Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao博士介绍论文发表技巧，现整理采访要点与读者分享。

 

专家简介

Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao博士

 

　　美国耶鲁大学医学院内科学教授，耶鲁大学肝病中心临床部主任和Hepatology杂志副主编，曾担任美国肝病研究协会（AASLD）主席。其主要研究方向为肝硬化并发症，特别是静脉曲张、静脉曲张出血、腹水、自发性细菌性腹膜炎和肝肾综合征。

 

　　《国际肝病》：论文发表是研究结果发布的主要途径，也是专业交流的重要方式。完成一篇高质量稿件，应该注意哪些问题？

 

　　: The paper are the main way of publishing the results of studies, and is also one of the important professional communication way. What should be paid attention to in completing a high-quality paper?

 

　　Garcia-Tsao教授：关于论文其实没有很多注意事项，核心是研究本身，这直接影响论文发表成功与否。首先，你必须要做的是拥有一个设计合理且在进行中的试验。一旦你获得了好的研究，取得了好的试验结果，就可以开始撰写论文了。需要提醒大家的是，论文撰写需要以最简洁明了的方式表达研究目的、研究假设，以及用非常清晰的方式描述方法和结果，最后在以讨论结束全文。

 

　　如果论文表达非常清晰且传递了重要的信息，那么，论文就有可能在具有高影响力的杂志上发表了，因为表述清晰和富含重要信息是直接影响论文能否发表的重要因素。

 

　　Dr Garcia-Tsao: It is not so much about the paper, but the study that leads to the publication of the paper. The first thing you need to have is a properly designed and conducted trial. Once you have a proper trial with good results, then the aim is to write the paper in the most concise, simple way that conveys the objective of the study, the hypothesis proposed by the study, and describes the methods and results in a very clear way and then concludes with a discussion. If the paper is very clear and carries an important message, then this is what leads to publication in high-impact journals.

 

　　《国际肝病》：在选择投稿期刊方面，您对中国青年研究者有哪些建议？

 

　　: Would you like share your experience with young researchers in China about choosing the journal?

 

　　Garcia-Tsao教授：依据研究的某个特点，选择杂志。例如，如果是一个多中心、随机、安慰剂对照试验，纳入了大量的患者，如果药物分析表明具有统计学意义而且将据此改变医疗实践，这时候可以选择一个影响力高的杂志，如《新英格兰医学杂志》（New England Journal of Medicine）。如果是前瞻性试验，揭示疾病机制或证实一种新药，可能改变医疗实践，这时候可以选择一个中等影响力杂志。如果研究仅仅是描述性的，没有机制但是有一个重要的观察报告，这时候可以选择一个低影响力的杂志。

 

　　除此之外，必须一直铭记你的读者是谁，谁将阅读这些论文。例如，研究者需要了解《新英格兰医学杂志》面向的读者。《新英格兰医学杂志》是一个关注内科学话题和兴趣的杂志，所以如果研究是一个关于内科学的高影响力的报告，那么《新英格兰医学杂志》会是一个好的选择。如果是一个基础科学研究，可以选择《自然》（Nature）杂志。对于肝脏病学领域，尤其需要注意的是，你的目标受众是基础科学和临床实践方面的肝病学家。如果论文不得不涉及外科，那么这篇文章不是非常适合在肝病学杂志发表。

 

　　Dr Garcia-Tsao: Depending on certain characteristics of the study, one can choose the journal. For example, if it is a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial that includes a large number of patients where the drug, for example, being analyzed is significantly different and is going to change the practice of medicine, then you choose a high-impact journal, such as the New England Journal of Medicine. If you have prospective trials that show a mechanism of disease or demonstrates a new drug that could potentially change the practice of medicine, then you could choose a medium-impact journal. If you have a study that is merely descriptive, with no mechanism but an important observation, then choose a low-impact journal.

 

　　You always have to remember who your audience is. Who is going to be reading these papers? You need to understand who reads the New England Journal of Medicine, for instance. This is a journal for internal medicine topics and interests, so if your study is a high-impact report concerning internal medicine, then the NEJM is a good option. If it is a basic science study, you might choose Nature, for example. In hepatology specifically, your target audience is hepatologists in basic science and in clinical practice. If the paper has to do with surgery, it is not going to fit well in a hepatology journal.